Atomic structure

You will be able to

• Calculate the relative atomic mass Ar of an element from the m/e values and abundances of its isotopes.
• Describe isotopes as atoms with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons, using the nucleon number and proton number in nuclide notation.
• Explain why isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties but different physical properties.

You will be able to

• Construct equations for the first and successive ionisation energies and identify the shell each electron is removed from.
• Deduce the group of an element from the big jump in its successive ionisation energies.
• Explain trends in first ionisation energy using nuclear charge, shielding, distance, sub-shell and spin-pair repulsion.