A hospital Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) stores high-resolution patient diagnostic scans and transmits images to remote specialist consultants.
The hospital archive stores 16,384 uncompressed Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Each uncompressed scan has a file size of exactly 32 MiB. Calculate the total storage capacity required to store all 16,384 scans in:
Gibibytes (GiB).
Tebibytes (TiB).
Explain why medical diagnostic imaging regulations strictly mandate lossless compression (e.g. DICOM Lossless JPEG) for diagnostic scans, while lossy compression is permitted for public patient information video clips.
A medical imaging sensor generates a 30-pixel binary bitmask row representing bone density across a tissue cross-section: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (10 zeros, 12 ones, 8 zeros).
Show the Run-Length Encoded (RLE) representation of this scanline as [Run Count, Bit Value] pairs.
Assuming each uncompressed pixel uses 1 byte and each RLE pair uses 2 bytes, calculate the compression ratio achieved for this row.
A 512 MiB Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) dataset is uploaded to a remote telemedicine consultation server across an internet link with an effective upload throughput of 32 Mibit/s. Calculate the transmission time in seconds. Show your working.