Acids, Bases and Salts

You will be able to

• State the colours of universal indicator, litmus, methyl orange and thymolphthalein in acidic and alkaline solutions.
• Describe a solution as strongly or weakly acidic, neutral, or weakly or strongly alkaline from its pH.
• Explain the difference between a strong and a weak acid in terms of dissociation, and describe acids as proton donors.

You will be able to

• Describe how the pH changes when an alkali is added to an acid, and identify the end-point from a pH curve.
• State the ionic equation for neutralisation: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l).
• Predict the volume needed for neutralisation when the concentration of the alkali is changed.

You will be able to

• Use the solubility rules to decide whether a salt is soluble or insoluble in water.
• Choose a suitable method and reactants to prepare a named salt, and justify the choice.
• Write balanced equations with state symbols for salt preparations, and the ionic equation for a precipitation.