Cambridge O Level Biology · Syllabus 5090 · Disease and Immunity
First Line Of Defence
What is First Line Of Defence?
The body's physical and chemical barriers to pathogen entry, acting before any specific immune response: intact skin, hairs in the nose, mucus secreted by goblet cells, cilia that sweep mucus towards the throat, acid conditions in the stomach, and clotting that seals a break in the skin. These barriers reduce the number of pathogens that enter but do not prevent all infection.
This definition is part of the Disease and Immunity chapter in Cambridge O Level Biology.
Last reviewed Syllabus 2026-2028

